(English by Claude)
Do you know about the JET Programme (Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme)?
Many of you may already be familiar with it, but to give a brief explanation: it's a programme run by the Ministry of Education that recruits people from foreign countries to work as Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) at public schools and as Coordinators for International Relations (CIRs) at government offices.
I came to Japan as an ALT after graduating university, so I'm personally grateful to the JET Programme. I'd also like to think that through my time as an ALT, I was able to make at least a small contribution to the education and growth of my students.
Those students are now university students or adults, and it's a joy when former students — some now fluent in English — reach out to me from time to time.
The requirements to become an ALT are quite simple:
Hold citizenship of a country from which ALTs are being recruited
Hold a university degree
Have no criminal record
After a document screening, candidates who pass an interview at a Japanese consulate are accepted. (The entire process takes around 8 months.)
The JET Programme has been running for decades, but one issue has been debated since its early days: the question of ALT quality.
In other words, is it appropriate to spend a large budget on people whose only qualification is that they "can speak English," without any formal teaching credentials?
This criticism is valid. ALTs in the JET Programme vary enormously, and I think those with actual teaching licenses are actually in the minority. I myself hold only the CELTA (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults), not a teaching license.
On top of that, you occasionally hear stories of ALTs who cause trouble at their schools or in their communities. The fact that such people were able to become ALTs may be partly due to the lenient selection criteria.
That said, simply tightening the screening process isn't as straightforward as it might sound.
I think there are three main reasons for this:
[b]
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[b]① Salary[/b]
If higher qualifications are required, the compensation must match. An annual salary of around 3.6 million yen is on the higher end for regional Japan, but even accounting for cost-of-living differences, it's difficult to attract highly qualified foreigners at that level.
[b]② Cooperation with Japanese teachers[/b]
A foreign teacher with a teaching license, for example, would likely want a more active and equal role than a typical ALT. In that case, how would responsibilities be divided with Japanese teachers? Would already overworked Japanese teachers be able to collaborate smoothly with foreign colleagues who expect equal standing?
Some teachers manage this well, of course, but Japanese teachers who have been used to treating ALTs as "human tape recorders" would likely face friction with a foreign teacher expecting more.
There's also the issue of language and cultural barriers — very few highly qualified foreign educators with teaching licenses speak Japanese, which would create additional challenges.
[b]③ The goals of the JET Programme[/b]
The main reason JET doesn't require English teaching qualifications is that it was never intended to be purely an educational programme.
The name JET stands for Japan Exchange and Teaching — and true to its name, the programme is about both "teaching" and fostering international exchange between English-speaking people and Japanese people.
What the programme is really looking for isn't so much "someone to teach English" but rather someone who contributes to promoting international exchange within Japan. In other words, participants are expected to teach Japanese children about English and their home country, while also learning about Japan themselves.
The ultimate goal is thought to be the expansion of Japan's soft power — a virtuous cycle in which JET alumni come to love Japan, spread a positive image of Japan in their home countries, and further enhance Japan's global reputation.
I have no objective data to back this up, but in this sense I believe the JET Programme has been a success. In fact, nearly every Japan-specialist American diplomat I've met has been a JET Programme alumnus (!)
Many other "JET alumni" are active in Japan-related fields as well, and it's fair to say these individuals contribute to improving Japan's image abroad.
Had participation in the JET Programme been limited only to those with advanced teaching qualifications, I don't think this kind of talent pool would have developed.
So — do you now have a sense of the JET Programme's strengths and its challenges?
The value of the JET Programme really depends on what yardstick you use to measure it.
In my view, JET has served more to expand Japan's soft power than to improve English language education per se.
It's possible that the Japanese government may someday decide that English education matters more than soft power considerations. In that case, I think revising JET's requirements would make complete sense.
There are various English teaching qualifications beyond a formal teaching license — including CELTA (which I hold), TEFL, TESOL, and others.
While those with full teaching licenses may find the ALT-level compensation hard to accept, for those with CELTA or TEFL it might be a comfortable fit.
And plenty of people would still want to live in Japan even at a lower salary…
I hope this sparks a deeper conversation about what kind of ALTs Japan needs today. ^^